Marcus Cocceius Nerva, First of Romes Good Emperors

Marcus Cocceius Nerva, First of Rome's Good Emperors Marcus Cocceius Nerva (November 8, 30 CEâ€January 27, 98 CE) administered Rome as head from 96â€98 CE following the death of the much-detested Emperor Domitian. Nerva was the first of the five great rulers and was the first to receive a beneficiary who wasnt part of his organic family. Nerva had been a companion of the Flavians without offspring of his own. He fabricated water channels, dealt with the vehicle framework, and manufactured silos to improve the food gracefully. Quick Facts: Marcus Cocceius Nerva Known For: Well-respected and regarded Roman emperorAlso Known As: Nerva, Nerva Caesar AugustusBorn: November 8, 30 CE in Narnia, Umbria part of the Roman EmpireParents: Marcus Cocceius Nerva and Sergia PlautillaDied: January 27, 98 CE at the Gardens of Sallust, RomePublished Works: Lyric poetryAwards and Honors: Ornamenta Triumphalia for military serviceSpouse: NoneChildren: Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Trajan, the legislative leader of Upper Germany (adopted)Notable Quote: â€Å"I have done nothing that would forestall me setting out the majestic office and coming back to private life in safety.† Early Life Nerva was conceived November 8, 30 CE, in Narnia, Umbria, north of Rome. He originated from a long queue of Roman blue-bloods: his extraordinary granddad M. Cocceius Nerva was emissary in 36 CE, his granddad was a notable diplomat and companion of Emperor Tiberius, his moms auntie was the extraordinary granddaughter of Tiberius, and his distant uncle was an arbitrator for the ruler Octavian. While little is known about Nervas training or adolescence, he didn't turn into a military expert. He was, in any case, notable for his wonderful compositions. Early Career Nerva, following in his familys strides, sought after a political profession. He became praetor-choose in 65 CE and turned into a counselor to Emperor Nero. He found and uncovered a plot against Nero (the Pisonian intrigue); his work on this issue was huge to such an extent that he got military triumphal distinctions (however not an individual from the military). Moreover, sculptures of his resemblance were put in the castle. Neros self destruction in 68 prompted a time of disarray some of the time called the Year of Four Emperors. In 69, because of obscure administrations rendered, Nerva turned into a delegate under Emperor Vespasian. Despite the fact that there are no records to help the supposition, it appears to be likely that Nerva proceeded as emissary under Vespasians children Titus and Domitian until the year 89 CE. Nerva as Emperor Domitian, because of connivances against him, had become a cruel and wrathful pioneer. On September 18, 96, he was killed in a castle scheme. A few students of history theorize that Nerva may have been engaged with the intrigue. At any rate, it appears to be likely that he knew about it. Around the same time, the Senate declared Nerva sovereign. At the point when named, Nerva was at that point a ways into his sixties and had medical problems, so it was impossible he would manage for long. Also, he had no youngsters, which brought up issues about his replacement; it might be that he was chosen explicitly in light of the fact that he would have the option to handpick the following Roman ruler. The underlying long periods of Nervas administration concentrated on reviewing Domitians wrongs. Sculptures of the previous ruler were obliterated, and Nerva allowed acquittal to numerous whom Domitian had ousted. Following convention, he executed no representatives yet did, as indicated by Cassius Dio, â€Å"put to death all the slaves and freedmen who contrived against their masters.† While many were happy with Nervas approach, the military stayed faithful to Domitian, to some degree due to his liberal compensation. Individuals from the Praetorian Guard defied Nerva, detaining him in the castle and requesting the arrival of Petronius and Parthenius, two of Domitians professional killers. Nerva really offered his own neck in return for those of the detainees, however the military cannot. At long last, the professional killers were caught and executed, while Nerva was discharged. While Nerva held force, his certainty was shaken. He spent a significant part of the rest of his 16-month rule endeavoring to balance out the domain and guarantee his own progression. Among his accomplishments were the devotion of another gathering, fixing streets, reservoir conduits, and the Colosseum, designating area to poor people, diminishing expenses forced on Jews, organizing new laws restricting open games, and practicing more noteworthy oversight over the spending plan. Progression There is no record that Nerva wedded, and he had no natural youngsters. His answer was to receive a child, and he chose Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Trajan, the legislative head of Upper Germany. The appropriation, which occurred in October of 97, permitted Nerva to assuage the military by choosing a military administrator as his beneficiary; simultaneously, it permitted him to merge his authority and assume responsibility for the areas in the north. Trajan was the first of many received beneficiaries, a large number of whom served Rome amazingly well. Indeed, Trajans own administration is once in a while portrayed as a brilliant age. Demise Nerva had a stroke in January 98, and after three weeks he kicked the bucket. Trajan, his replacement, had Nervas remains put in the tomb of Augustus and requested that the Senate exalt him. Heritage Nerva was the first of five sovereigns who directed the greatest days of the Roman Empire, as his initiative set up for this time of Roman magnificence. The other four great heads were Trajan (98â€117), Hadrian (117â€138), Antoninus Pius (138â€161), and Marcus Aurelius (161â€180). Every one of these rulers hand-chose his replacement through selection. During this period, the Roman Empire extended to incorporate the north of Britain just as segments of Arabia and Mesopotamia. Roman human progress was at its stature and a predictable type of government and culture extended over the whole realm. Simultaneously, be that as it may, the administration turned out to be progressively brought together; while there were advantages to this methodology, it additionally made Rome increasingly powerless over the long haul. Sources Dio, Cassius. Roman History by Cassius Dio distributed in Vol. VIII of the Loeb Classical Library release, 1925.The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. â€Å"Nerva.† Encyclopã ¦dia Britannica.ï » ¿Wend, David. Nerva. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors.

Aerodynamics of Golf Balls :: physics sport sports golf

Prologue to Aerodynamics Optimal design is the investigation of the movement of liquids in the gas state and bodies moving comparative with the liquid/air. At the end of the day the investigation of streamlined features is the investigation of liquid elements explicitly identifying with air or the gas condition of issue. At the point when an article goes through liquid/air there are two sorts of stream attributes that occur, laminar and tempestuous. Laminar stream is a smooth consistent stream over a smooth surface and it has little unsettling influence. Instinct would prompt the conviction that this kind of wind current would be attractive. It would bode well to expect that this smooth undisturbed air would make minimal measure of resistive power because of erosion. The golf ball apparently opposes this hypothesis by voyaging more distant with its problematic surface that makes the second stream trademark, fierce stream. Fierce stream is stream that is upset and makes whirlpool like highlights. The violent air really decreases the distinction in speed of the air layer that is incredibly near the ball contrasted with the remainder of the air thus reduces the contact following up on the ball. Drag is a significant supporter of how an item goes through liquid/air. Drag is brought about by the disturbed air promptly behind an article traveling through liquid/air. It acts opposite to and the other way of movement of the article and hinders the movement of the item. It would bode well that if the drag is limited the article will travel more distant. Lift or bend in the movement of an item through air is a marvels that is perceptible in a ball going through liquid/air. This adjustment in bearing is because of the impact that turn has on the article moving. This can be clarified by Bernoulli's Principle. Bernoulli, a 1700's physicist and mathematician, demonstrated that the speed of an article through fluid/air changes the weight of the air. The speed of a turning ball comparative with the air is unique in relation to the other side to the next making a low weight on one side and a high weight on the other. This makes the ball move toward the lower pressure. The golf ball is ordinarily hit with an undercut causing a converse pivot and in this manner a lifting activity ready. The History of Golf Balls The golf ball has changed significantly as the years progressed. Smooth hardwood balls were utilized between the 1400 and 1700's.

Research and Development (RD)

Research and Development (RD) Companies often spend resources on certain investigative undertakings in an effort to make discoveries that can help develop new products or way of doing things or work towards enhancing pre-existing products or processes. These activities come under the Research and Development (RD) umbrella.RD is an important means for achieving future growth and maintaining a relevant product in the market. There is a misconception that RD is the domain of high tech technology firms or the big pharmaceutical companies. In fact, most established consumer goods companies dedicate a significant part of their resources towards developing new versions of products or improving existing designs. However, where most other firms may only spend less than 5 percent of their revenue on research, industries such as pharmaceutical, software or high technology products need to spend significantly given the nature of their products. © Shutterstock.com | Alexander RathsIn this article, we look at 1) types of RD, 2) understanding similar terminology, 3) making the RD decision, 4) basic RD process, 5) creating an effective RD process,  6) advantages of RD, and 7) RD challenges.TYPES OF RDA US government agency, the National Science Foundation defines three types of RD.Basic ResearchWhen research aims to understand a subject matter more completely and build on the body of knowledge relating to it, then it falls in the basic research category. This research does not have much practical or commercial application. The findings of such research may often be of potential interest to a companyApplied ResearchApplied research has more specific and directed objectives. This type of research aims to determine methods to address a specific customer/industry need or requirement. These investigations are all focused on specific commercial objectives regarding products or processes.DevelopmentDevelopment is when findings of a r esearch are utilized for the production of specific products including materials, systems and methods. Design and development of prototypes and processes are also part of this area. A vital differentiation at this point is between development and engineering or manufacturing. Development is research that generates requisite knowledge and designs for production and converts these into prototypes. Engineering is utilization of these plans and research to produce commercial products.UNDERSTANDING SIMILAR  TERMINOLOGYThere are a number of terms that are often used interchangeably. Thought there is often overlap in all of these processes, there still remains a considerable difference in what they represent. This is why it is important to understand these differences.RDThe creation of new body of knowledge about existing products or processes, or the creation of an entirely new product is called RD. This is systematic creative work, and the resulting new knowledge is then used to formulat e new materials or entire new products as well as to alter and improve existing onesInnovationInnovation includes either of two events or a combination of both of them. These are either the exploitation of a new market opportunity or the development and subsequent marketing of a technical invention. A technical invention with no demand will not be an innovation.New Product DevelopmentThis is a management or business term where there is some change in the appearance, materials or marketing of a product but no new invention. It is basically the conversion of a market need or opportunity into a new product or a product upgradeDesignWhen an idea is turned into information which can lead to a new product then it is called design. This term is interpreted differently from country to country and varies between analytical marketing approaches to a more creative process.Product DesignMisleadingly thought of as the superficial appearance of a product, product design actually encompasses a lot more. It is a cross functional process that includes market research, technical research, design of a concept, prototype creation, final product creation and launch. Usually, this is the refinement of an existing product rather than a new product.MAKING THE RD DECISIONInvestment in RD can be extensive and a long term commitment. Often, the required knowledge already exists and can be acquired for a price. Before committing to investment in RD, a company needs to analyze whether it makes more sense to produce their own knowledge base or acquire existing work. The influence of the following factors can help make this decision.ProprietarinessIf the nature of the research is such that it can be protected through patents or non-disclosure agreements, then this research becomes the sole property of the company undertaking it and becomes much more valuable. Patents can allow a company several years of a head start to maximize profits and cement its position in the market. This sort of sit uation justifies the cost of the RD process. On the other hand, if the research cannot be protected, then it may be easily copied by a competitor with little or no monetary expense. In this case, it may be a good idea to acquire research.TimingSetting up a RD wing only makes sense if the market growth rate is slow or relatively moderate. In a fast paced environment, competitors may rush ahead before research has been completed, making the entire process useless.RiskBecause of its nature, RD is not always a guaranteed success commercially. In this regard, it may be desirable to acquire the required research to convert it into necessary marketable products. There is significantly less risk in acquisition as there may be an opportunity to test the technology out before formally purchasing anything.CostConsidering the long term potential success of a product, acquiring technology is less risky but more costly than generating own research. This is because license fees or royalties may ne ed to be paid and there may even be an arrangement that requires payments tied to sales figures and may continue for as long as the license period. There is also the danger of geographical limitations or other restrictive caveats. In addition, if the technology changes mid license, all the investment will become a sunk cost. Setting up RD has its own costs associated with it. There needs to be massive initial investment that leads to negative cash flow for a long time. But it does protect the company from the rest of the limitations of acquiring research.All these aspects need to be carefully assessed and a pros vs. cons assessment needs to be conducted before the make or buy decision is finalized.BASIC RD PROCESSThe RD may take months or years to yield fruitful results. Manufacturers of a variety of products utilize this process for new product development and innovation. Though each company or industry may have its own unique research methodology, a basic research process will for m the framework for it. Foster IdeasAt this point the research team may sit down to brainstorm. The discussion may start with an understanding and itemization of the issues faced in their particular industry and then narrowed down to important or core areas of opportunity or concern.Focus IdeasThe initial pool of ideas is vast and may be generic. The team will then sift through these and locate ideas with potential or those that do not have insurmountable limitations. At this point the team may look into existing products and assess how original a new idea is and how well it can be developed.Develop IdeasOnce an idea has been thoroughly researched, it may be combined with a market survey to assess market readiness. Ideas with true potential are once again narrowed down and the process of turning research into a marketable commodity begins.Prototypes and TrialsResearchers may work closely with product developers to understand and agree on how an idea may be turned into a practical product. As the process ite rates, the prototype complexity may start to increase and issues such as mass production and sales tactics may begin to enter the process.Regulatory, Marketing Product Development ActivitiesAs the product takes shape, the process that began with RD divides into relevant areas necessary to bring the research product to the market. Regulatory aspects are assessed and work begins to meet all the criteria for approvals and launch. The marketing function begins developing strategies and preparing their materials while sales, pricing and distribution are also planned for.LaunchThe product that started as a research question will now be ready for its biggest test, the introduction to the market. The evaluation of the product continues at this stage and beyond, eventually leading to possible re-designs if needed. At any point in this process the idea may be abandoned. Its feasibility may be questioned or the research may not reveal what the business hoped for. It is therefore important to analyze each idea critically at every stage and not become emotionally invested in anything.CREATING AN EFFECTIVE RD  PROCESSA formal RD function adds great value to any organization. It can significantly contribute towards organizational growth and sustained market share. However, all business may not have the necessary resources to set up such a function. In such cases, or in organizations where a formal RD function is not really required, it is a good idea to foster an RD mindset. When all employees are encouraged to think creatively and with a research oriented thought process, they all feel invested in the business and there will be the possibility of innovation and unique ideas and solutions. This mindset can be slowly inculcated within the company by following the steps mentioned below.Assess Customer NeedsIt is a good idea to regularly scan and assess the market and identify whether the company’s offering is doing well or if it is in trouble. If it is successful, encourage employees to identify reasons for success so that these can then be used as benchmarks or best practices. If the product is not doing well, then encourage teams to research reasons why. Perhaps a competitor is offering a better solution or perhaps the product cannot meet the customer’s needs effectively.Identify ObjectivesAllow your employees to see clearly what the business objectives are. The end goal for a commercial enterprise is to enhance profits. If this is the case, then all research the employees engage in should focus on reaching this goal while fulfilling a customer need.Define and Design ProcessesA definite project management process helps keep formal and informal research programs on schedule. Realistic goals and targets help focus the process and ensures that relevant and realistic timelines are decided upon.Create a TeamA team may need to be created if a specific project is on the agenda. This team should be cross functional and will be able to work towards a speci fic goal in a systematic manner. If the surrounding organizational environment also has a research mindset then they will be better prepared and suited to assist the core team when ever needed.OutsourceWhenever needed, it may be a good idea to outsource research projects. Universities and specific research organizations can help achieve research objectives that may not be manageable within a limited organizational budget.ADVANTAGES OF RDThough setting up an RD function is not an easy task by any means, it has its unique advantages for the organization. These include the following.Tax breaksResearch and Development expenses are often tax deductible. This depends on the country of operations of course but a significant write-off can be a great way to offset large initial investments. But it is important to understand what kind of research activities are deductible and which ones are not. Generally, things like market research or an assessment of historical information are not deductib le.CostsA company can use research to identify leaner and more cost effective means of manufacturing. This reduction in cost can either help provide a more reasonably priced product to the customer or increase the profit margin.FinancingWhen an investor sets out to put their resources into any company, they tend to prefer those who can become market leaders and innovate constantly. An effective RD function goes a long way in helping to achieve these objectives for a company. Investors see this as a proactive approach to business and they may end up financing the costs associated with maintaining this RD function.RecruitmentTop talent is also attracted to innovative companies doing exciting things. With a successful Research and Development function, qualified candidates will be excited to join the company.PatentsThrough RD based developments, companies can acquire patents for their products. These can help them gain market advantage and cement their position in the industry. This on e time product development can lead to long term profits.RD CHALLENGESRD also has many challenges associated with it. These may include the following.High CostsInitial setup costs as well as continued investment are necessary to keep research work cutting edge and relevant. Not all companies may find it feasible to continue this expenditure.Increased TimescalesOnce a commitment to RD is made, it may take many years for the actual product to reach the market and a number of years will be filled with no return on continued heavy investment.Uncertain ResultsNot all research that is undertaken yields results. Many ideas and solutions are scrapped midway and work has to start from the beginning.Market ConditionsThere is always the danger that a significant new invention or innovation will render years of research obsolete and create setbacks in the industry with competitors becoming front runners for the customer’s business.It is important for any business to understand the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in Research and Development activities. Once these are studied, then the step can be taken towards becoming and RD organization.In the meanwhile, it is good practice to inculcate a research mind set and research oriented thinking within all employees, no matter what their functional area of expertise. This will help bring about new ideas, new solutions and an innovative way of approaching all business problems, whether small or large.

20 Facts About the Chemical Element Silver

Silver is a precious metal that has been known since ancient times. But the element silver has many more uses today than just decoration or as a form of monetary exchange. Silver History 1. The word silver comes from the  Anglo-Saxon word  seolfor.  There is no word that rhymes with the English word silver. It is a transition metal element, with symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight of 107.8682. 2. Silver has been known since antiquity. It was one of the first five metals to be discovered. Mankind learned to separate silver from lead in 3000 BCE. Silver  objects have been found dating from before 4000 BCE. It is believed the element was discovered around 5000 BCE. 3. The chemical symbol for silver, Ag, comes from the  Latin word for silver, argentum, which in turn derives from the Sanskit word  argunas, which means shining. 4. The words for silver and money are the same in at least 14 languages. 5. Coins minted in the United States before 1965 consist of about 90% silver. Kennedy half dollars  minted in the United States  between 1965 to 1969 contained 40% silver.   6. The price of silver currently is less than that of gold, varying according to demand, the discovery of sources, and the invention of methods of separating the metal from other elements. In ancient Egypt and Medieval European countries, silver was valued more highly than gold. 7. The primary source of silver today is the New World. Mexico is the leading producer, followed by Peru. The United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia also produce silver.  Around two-thirds of the silver obtained today is a by-product of copper, lead, and zinc mining. Silver mines in Mexico, such as this now-abandoned one, provided 18th century Spain with over one third of the silver sent out of the New World. Danny Lehman / Getty Images Chemistry of Silver 8. Silvers atomic number is 47, with an atomic weight of 107.8682. 9. Silver is stable in oxygen and water, but it  tarnishes in the air because of a reaction with sulfur compounds to form a black sulfide layer. 10. Silver can exist in its native state. In other words, nuggets or crystals of pure silver exist in nature. Silver also occurs as a natural alloy with gold that is called electrum. Silver commonly occurs in copper, lead, and zinc ores. 11. Silver metal is not toxic to humans. In fact, it can be used as a food decoration. However, most silver salts are toxic. Silver is germicidal, meaning it kills bacteria and other lower organisms. 12. Silver is the best electric conductor of the elements. It is used as the standard by which other conductors are measured. On a scale of  0 to 100, silver ranks 100 in terms of electrical conductivity. Copper ranks 97 and gold ranks 76. 13. Only gold is more ductile than silver. An ounce of silver can be drawn into a wire 8,000 feet long. 14. The most commonly encountered form of silver is sterling silver. Sterling silver consists of 92.5% silver, with the balance consists of other metals, usually copper. 15. A single grain of silver (about 65 mg) can be pressed into a sheet 150 times thinner than the average sheet of paper. 16. Silver is the best thermal conductor of any metal. The lines you see in the rear window of a car are made of silver, used to defrost ice in the winter. 17. Some silver compounds are highly explosive. Examples include silver fulminate, silver azide, silver(II) oxide, silver amide, silver acetylide, and silver oxalate. These are compounds in which silver forms a bond with nitrogen or oxygen. Although heat, drying, or pressure often ignite these compounds, sometimes all it takes is exposure to light. They may even explode spontaneously. Silvers Uses 18. Uses of silver metal include currency, silverware, jewelry, and dentistry. Its antimicrobial properties make it useful for air conditioning and water filtration. It is used to make mirror coatings, for solar energy applications, in electronics, and for photography. 19. Silver is exceptionally shiny. It is the most reflective element, which makes it useful in mirrors, telescopes, microscopes, and solar cells. Polished silver reflects 95% of the visible light spectrum. However, silver is a poor reflector of ultraviolet light. 20. The compound silver iodide has been used for cloud seeding, to cause clouds to produce rain and try to control hurricanes. Sources Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. Amsterdam.Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. Boca Raton, Fla.Weast, Robert (1984). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. Boca Raton, Fla.

Gender Inequality And Gender Double Standards - 1777 Words

Labels are inflicted on both males and females when they are not suiting the culturally molded gender roles. Double standards concepts that are considered passable employed by one group of people but are deemed inadmissible by when employed by another group. We all know that there is innumerable gender double standards that exist it is an issue that everyone has faced or had to deal with being male or female. In society it is often to see that one set of standards does not pertain to or viewed the same way for women as it does to men inversely. Double standards are a way of exuding unfairness but almost making it justifiable by labeling it. There are many different aspects that allow gendered stereotypes. These double standards†¦show more content†¦Gender stereotypes for women in the military lead to obstacles for, which can negatively impact her career in the service. The number of women who join the Marines has increased tremendously despite the disparities that they stil l face. The Marine Corps is viewed as the toughest branch of the military but women still enter in to this branch. Women performance is always compared to being incompetent when in reality they are able to perform just as well as men but stereotypes always foreshadow this view. The author includes â€Å"Women perform superbly, but gender stereotypes persist and highlight contradictions between policy and reality† (Archer, 2013). Gender double standards have tarnished the performances of female soldiers and can undermine them. Double standards cause issues such as thinking that women are incapable and incompetent and should be protected. Many of the male soldiers in the Marines felt as if it is their duty to protect and help the female soldiers as if they aren’t able to protect themselves. Men are able to protect themselves simply because they are men being a women they are enable to be the protector but viewed as nurtures. Women are stereotyped as nurtures and the peacemakers. Women were sent as â€Å"female engagement teams† to bond with the Afghani in attempts to gain the trust of Afghan women like pawns. In society today it is common to see the women used and portrayedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Gender Inequality1428 Words   |  6 Pagesovercome the obstacle of gender inequality and evolved into a society of fairness and righteousness. As many know, females can be just as proficient and qualified as males at any task. Though some efforts to off-set this gender imbalance is in place, it is still commonly acknowledged that many careers are stated to be a male job such as lawyers, and female jobs such as secretaries. Gender inequality is a visible fact in our society and in this essay, I hypothesize that gender inequality still exists as aRead MoreWe Should All Be Feminists1084 Words   |  5 Pagescontain gender issues about sexuality, gender inequality and double standard, which show that the idea of feminists is still needed in present-day. 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Cleanliness Recycling and Comprehensive National High Free Essays

CLEANLINESS By: Edgardo Eleccion ( GCCNHS) The often quoted saying is â€Å"Cleanliness is next to Godliness†. People are so busy thinking what possible solution to make in order to maintain cleanliness for a worldwide issue. The air, water and soil are not polluted. We will write a custom essay sample on Cleanliness: Recycling and Comprehensive National High or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the very issue of cleanliness that need an immediate action, a problem to be addressed. Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School ( GCCNHS) community has campaigned on zero waste management program on waste segregation by bio and non-biodegradable scheme. Stakeholders either direct and indirect have been oriented on this scheme on waste segregation. However, students either young or old still can’t follow simple instructions. A kind of system within a person to discipline him to do what is good in saving the environment and saving the generation ahead. United Nations and some of the environmental friendly establishments and organizations have join forces to launch a program for a greener world. The join effort is now part of their mission in their business and organization. However, if one is not performing its task to save this planet, then who else would clean up our mess? We should not wait for others to do the task, today is the right time. Sometimes our mind set reflects our own actions. Do we mind the earth we are living now? Are we ready to pass this world to the next generation after us? What else should we do to give this legacy a worthwhile for them? Symposium, memorandum, policies, bills, laws and rules have been done even in school and communities. Reduction, reforestation, redirection, recycle and reuse policies have been adopted. Still we continue making dirt to this paradise God given gift to us. This world is the package of our existence. This is not ours. We just borrow this. We live this for free, is it not proper to clean the earth we lend form the Maker? Edgardo Eleccion is a secondary teacher of Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School ( GCCNHS) Gingoog City, Philippines. He is a Values Education Teacher. How to cite Cleanliness: Recycling and Comprehensive National High, Papers

Wearable Engineering and Technology

Question: Discuss about the Wearable Engineering and Technology. Answer: Introduction: Wearable device is defined as a small computing device, which is designed in such a way that the consumers could wear it. The device communicates with the help of mobile device or a computer having Bluetooth (Wright, and Keith 2014). This device could do many tasks in the form of hand held technologies. The goal of this device is incorporating a portable computer in the daily lives of the human being.b) The general applications of the wearable dev ice are as follows: Activity Tracker- This wearable device helps in monitoring the activities that are related to the fitness of the people. It evaluates the walking distance of a man, pulse, sleep patterns, heart rate and pulse. The device integrates wirelessly with the mobile app or web for increasing the capability of the device. Smart Watch: This wearable device besides showing time, it also functions for communicating wirelessly. It helps in answering the call, browse in the web, read as well as send messages and music player. It also acts as a fitness tracker and GPS. The device incorporates the use of touch screen (Skiba 2014). Smart Glass: This device helps the user in viewing the information, click photos and videos that are in the vision of the user. The user controls the device by voice commands and control touching on the glass frame. The user of this device has the access to run the app wearing the smart glasses displaying the stats of the flight. Smart glasses also includes the mobile apps like tracking of fitness and GPS. The consumer related issues faced by the wearable products are as follows: The infancy product styles are not attracting many customers as the customers are getting great style of watches and fashion product. The product is lacking the skill of design on engineering side of devices and the fashion of the product is bad. The people are not convinced to switch from the brands to the wearable device just because the digital technology is integrated with it. The solution for the above customer relation could be eliminated by applying the following steps: The fashion industry should be integrated with the wearable technologies at the beginning of the design stage. This will help in having a fancy product that is well designed and with modern fashion that will drive the customer towards the product (Kalinauckas 2015). The consumers should be engaged to a sensitive reactions so that they would love to use the wearable technologies. The fashion as well as the performance of the product should be given the first priority and the measures of the parameters technically should be given second priority. The revolution in this industry requires fashion designers, engineers and the people who are excellent in coding. The value of augmentation should really be strong and attracting for driving the people to use this technology (Barefield 2015). The product could be slimmed from the bulky elements to make it more fashionable. The use of Nano-Technology could be implemented in slimming down the products. The wearable technologies have a growth in future. The developers should focus on the need of the consumers and not of the capability of their production. The devices in order to gain success should give the requirement of the customer the highest priority. The apps for the wearable technologies are as follows: Tesco Grocery: Shopping in the Tesco is the most useful application for shopping. It helps in scanning the barcode of the product by aid of built in camera of Google glass or with the help of a voice search that automatically add the product in the online basket (Stoppa and Chiolerio 2014). Glass Captioning: This app helps in recognizing the speech and display in the form of caption in front of the eyes. This technology is integrated with the smart phone. Star chart: This is an application of astronomy. It helps in gaining knowledge about the stars and constellations. Golfsight: This app is appropriate for the golfers. This app is a rangefinder with the help of GPS. It gives satellite image and provides the distance. Field Trip: This app acts as the tourist guide giving details on the local history, design and architectures. IFTTT: This app helps in bringing the tech to the Google glass. It makes the online job easier by automating the the provided task. Guardian: This app helps in bringing headlines and news in front of the eyes. The news could also be saved for future reading. Light Meter: It helps in computing the lighting conditions and also provides F-stop and suggestions regarding ISO for getting a better shot. KitchMe: if the fingers are sticky then it could be troublesome for using the tablet to read the recipes during cooking. This app helps in showing the ingredients requires during cooking as well as direct the instructions loudly (Dinges et al. 2015). Reference List Barfield, W. ed., 2015.Fundamentals of wearable computers and augmented reality. CRC Press. Dinges, V., Urmetzer, F., Martinez, V., Zaki, M. and Neely, A., 2015. THE FUTURE OF SERVITIZATION: Technologies that will make a difference.Cambridge Service Alliance Executive Briefing Paper. Kalinauckas, A., 2015. Wearable technology.Engineering Technology,10(4), pp.36-43. Skiba, D.J., 2014. Emerging technologies center.Nursing Education Perspectives,35(5), pp.346-347. Stoppa, M. and Chiolerio, A., 2014. Wearable electronics and smart textiles: a critical review.Sensors,14(7), pp.11957-11992. Wright, R. and Keith, L., 2014. Wearable technology: If the tech fits, wear it.Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries,11(4), pp.204-216.

Stopping illegal immigration border security

Introduction The United States government should make it a priority to secure the border because of national security and defense. Illegal immigration has done more harm than good to the country.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stopping illegal immigration: border security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many measures have been put to place to prevent the violation of immigration laws as well as to protect the sovereignty of the nation. One method that has been adopted as a strategy to combat illegal immigration is border security. This report will focus on the issue of body security, its pros, and compare it with other strategies meant to deal with illegal immigration. Border Security Border security is a major measure that has been put in place to stop illegal immigration. This is due to the fact that tens of thousands of immigrants are getting in the country each year illegally. This is why the gover nment has put its focus on border control. The government has in turn put a lot of resources and money so as to combat this issue and ensure the implementation of its policies. These resources have been used to fund and come up with innovations that are meant to stop the large influx of immigrants into the country. Technological systems have also been developed that screen passengers at the entry points so as to prevent people from entering the country illegally. A lot of effort has been used in trying to prevent illegal border crossing. Different approaches have been used together so as to ensure this. Some of these methods include the construction of fences. The set-up of high tech radar systems, ground sensors, an increase of agents who are meant to guard the border day and night, and also an aerial vehicle. The attempt to create a virtual fence at the border failed due to the problem it was facing. It was very expensive and would be able to experience technical failures. The oth er reason for the need to stop illegal immigration is that the Illegal aliens are weighing down many systems in the country. These systems range from education, healthcare, law enforcement, insurance etc. The massive influx is also costing the citizens jobs as the illegal aliens provide cheap labor to some companies. This is why the companies opt to hire them because they cut costs (Kowalski, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pros of border security Border security is more effective as it deals with the problem at the root. It is a preventive measure as it aims at ensuring that the illegal aliens do not get in the country. This strategy is easier and more efficient than the other methods which are used to deal with them after they have entered the country. Policies like ending birth right citizenship will not be an issue as the illegal aliens would not even be in a posi tion to have an offspring in the country, because they will not get the opportunity to enter the country. The same applies to the other control measure of not giving amnesty to the illegal aliens. If this problem is solved at the root there would be no need for these other control measures. It will also allow the control of access to the country. The fence put in place will control the number of entry points to be used in entering the country. This limitation of access will go a long way in making sure that only those people who are supposed to get in the country are allowed in. Through the different border crossing preventive measures that have been put in place many people will not want to risk as it is now harder to get in the country. Before this strategy many people would risk getting in the country as it only entailed walking right through, but now it is not that easy. A border fence will make it harder for immigrants to get into the country illegally. This will in turn slow d own the number of illegal aliens in the country. This will also aid in the prevention of other problems associated with illegal immigration. These problems include the prevention of illegal drugs from entering the country and job security .The measures that have been put in place to counter border crossing have shown success. The physical barriers and technological innovations have increased the apprehension of the people attempting to cross the border. From the implementation of this strategy thousands of immigrants trying to cross the border have been apprehended. Although it has led to the apprehension of thousands, the number of arrests due to border crossing has gone down meaning that less people are able to penetrate the systems that have been put in place.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stopping illegal immigration: border security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Border security strategies have adopted various means to provide enough personnel to aid in patrolling the border. Some of these strategies are border militarization and civilian border patrols. This is a major boost to border security because there is need for more people to aid in border patrol. This will make the strain on border patrol less. The military aids in performing its purpose of protecting the public by doing this. The deployment of troops will aid in protecting the country from the illegal aliens who could cause harm to the country. The citizens who volunteer at the borders also show their patriotism by helping the country in dealing with the threat of illegal immigration. This is also evident in the fact that after border security was made stricter, criminal activity in the US has been eliminated in some fields while it has been decreased tremendously in others. The border before this measure was porous and that is why it was used by many drug traffickers and terrorists. They exploited this gap by using it to smuggle things to the country as they could easily get in and out undetected. Nowadays it is effective in the prevention of drug smuggling into the country. Border fences have proven to be effective in other countries. This is evident in Israel as terrorist attacks reduced by 95% after the set up of a border fence. This proves that less people could enter the country illegally. A majority of illegal aliens in the country enter the country through the border. The other immigrants who enter the country legally and have expired visas make up a small fraction of the statistics. Close to half a million illegal aliens enter the country every year. This is after one million are apprehended at the border. The border control measures serve a great deal in trying to prevent this problem from getting worse than it already is (Kowalski, 2010). Border security vs. other control measures Border crossing aims at preventing other problems that are as a result of illegal immigration. Mos t of the other measures to stop illegal immigration serve to control the problem not to prevent it. Some of these control measures are;Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ending birthright citizenship Ending birth right citizenship is not very effective when it comes to stopping immigration. There are many countries that do not have birth right citizenship but the number of illegal immigration is very high. Illegal immigration cannot be prioritized as a strategy for combating this issue. The country has in fact benefited significantly from birth right citizenship. This has been through the taxes they pay, the children granted citizenship, have grown up to join the army and they have been elected to offices of power and even participated in sports. The country will lose these benefits if they are to remove this law. The changing of this law will not be easy and will result in the loss of a lot of money in trying to implement it. It is also going to affect a number of processes in the country. Some processes such as getting a passport, social security number etc. will also be made more complicated due to this . No amnesty with harsher penalties for ill egal immigrants This measure prevents the giving of amnesty in the form of citizenship and aims at instead issuing more severe penalties, with an aim of curbing and stopping illegal immigration . This measure is formed on the basis that one should not be awarded for committing a crime. The immigrants have already broken the law by getting in the country illegally. This policy is also fair to those who have legally entered the country, and followed and passed all the legal and administrative procedures. This is why strict policies should be put in place so as to discourage them from entering the country and this can greatly be achieved through imposing penalties for the law breakers and removing all incentives to promote them (Roarty, 2011).This method is more effective than ending birth right citizenship but less effective as compared to stopping border crossing. Conclusion Illegal immigration is a very big problem to the country. Out of all the measures that are being put in place to combat this, border security measures should be prioritized as it accounts for the most number of illegal aliens who are in the country. Recent findings have shown that the implementation of border security prevention measures, have resulted in the prevention and decrease of thousands of immigration cases. It is more effective than strategies such as ending birthright citizenship and not giving out amnesty to illegal aliens, and offering harsher penalties to those who violate this law. Border security should however be supported by this strategies as they aid in making border crossing less due to the discouraging of illegal immigration. The cost to be incurred in ensuring the prevention of border crossing is minimal compared to the thousands the government loses as a result of illegal immigration. The country loses more money from illegal immigration. Stopping illegal immigration will result in increased security in the country, less strain on the social amenities and a decrease in the crime rate. This is why border security which is the most effective strategy of stopping illegal immigration should be prioritized . References Huisenga, S. (2011). Gingrich Voices Support for S.C. Immigration Law. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-presidential-campaign/gingrich-voices-support-for-s-c-immigration-law-20111128?mrefid=site_search Johnson, F. (2010). Norquist Says Ending Birthright Citizenship Is a Tax. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/norquist-says-ending-birthright-citizenship-is-a-tax-20120305?mrefid=site_search Kowalski, D. M. (2011). Border Security After 9/11: Ten Years of Waste, Immigrant Crackdowns and New Drug Wars. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/community/immigration-law/blogs/outside/archive/2011/09/12/border-security-after-9_2f00_11_3a00_-ten-years-of-waste_2c00_-immigrant-crackdowns-and-new-drug-wars.aspx Kowalski, D. M. (2010). Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry. Retrieve d from http://www.lexisnexis.com/community/immigration-law/blogs/outside/archive/2012/01/16/border-security-immigration-enforcement-between-ports-of-entry.aspx Kowalski, D. M. (2010). Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol. Retrieved From http://www.lexisnexis.com/community/immigrationlaw/blogs/inside/archive/2010/05/27/border-security_3a00_-the-role-of-the-u.s.-border-patrol.aspx Roarty, A. S. Q. (2011). Numerous Punches Thrown in Spirited Iowa Debate. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-presidential-campaign/numerous-punches-thrown-in-spirited-iowa-debate-20111210?mrefid=site_searchpage=1 Sternstein, A. (2012). DHS Requests Bids for Second Try at Virtual Fence. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/domesticpolicy/dhs-requests-bids-for-second-try-at-virtual-fence-20120409?mrefid=site_search Strohm, C. (2011). McCain, Kyl Girding for Border Security Fight. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/mccain-kyl-girding-for-border -security-fight-20110413?mrefid=site_search This research paper on Stopping illegal immigration: border security was written and submitted by user Lauren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Character Analysis of Homer Twtwb Essay Example

Character Analysis of Homer Twtwb Essay Example Character Analysis of Homer Twtwb Paper Character Analysis of Homer Twtwb Paper Homer Yanks is best friends with Elli, who is the protagonist in Tomorrow when the war began. Written by John Marksmen. The novel was published in 1993 and the genre Is young adult action. Seven teenagers decide to go camping during the school holidays, determined to be more independent. Suddenly when their homeland is invaded, Homer is forced to grow up a little earlier that intended. Leaving the irresponsible Joker as the reliable leader. As everything around them changes, Homer ill gulled his friends to safety In the depths of Hell. Having an older brother, Homer often had to fight for his attention and continues to do so. Getting it by playing practical jokes and committing petit crimes gives Homer his rebellious and mischievous attitude. He has lived on a farm his whole life so he has gained many useful skills, such as planting food and raising livestock. Which become very valuable during the war. Homer has a rather domineering personality and doesnt get along with strong-willed characters, even Elli sometimes. Homer Is Introduced to the novel when Elli Invites him to the camping trip to Hell. You instantly recognizes the brotherly bond they share as they are more relaxed around each other and constantly compete Homer and I had spent all our free time together when we were little, and we were still close Elli on page 16. Homer is all about Individualism and Is quick to voice his opinions. He tends to act before he thinks as well and doesnt consider the consequences as displayed In his latest escapade before the camp Hed Just been caught pouring a line of solvent across the dad and lighting it from his hiding place when a car got close. Elli on page 13. Homer may seem confident but he Is actually quite insecure, establishing a false reputation as a disrespectful and Insensitive guys guy to gain popularity and fit In. When they return to discover the war, Homer deals with the shock by trying to find answers and thinking rationally, he doesnt like being out of his comfort zone. He Is the most resilient In the group as he Immediately tried to find solutions whilst everyone wa s still panicking. Everyone calm down, Homer interrupted. Stay calm ,or well get nowhere. Homer on page 67. Homer insists they retreat back to Hell as he tries to gain some control, He and Elli are instantaneously the leaders of the groups as they are the most resolute. When things become more detrimental Homer starts to discards the stereotype he has hidden behind and begins to shows his real colors. It takes a lot to crack his shell but the blow comes from the least expected; Ft. She gets round his defenses as re and Homer become more Involved It seems so funny that hes Like that with me when hes so confident with everyone else . If page 213. Elli is stunned that she 1 OFF Ana let Homer track near Tort years tout won en really Is. He astonishes everyone with his level headed approach, though his rebellious streak is still there, as a wildness he uses to out think and surprise the enemy. The teens decide to fight back against the antagonists, becoming a guerrilla group, using hit and run tactics often planned by Homer. The schemes are so wild however are quite impel to carry out, using everyday objects Just like Homer used in his practical Jokes. Making his previous experience in Jokes particular useful. Homer however becomes more mature throughout the book, not wanting to put his friends at risk, he begins to take things more seriously. That was Homers genius. He combined action with thought, and he planned ahead. Elli on page 111. I believe for the duration of the other books Homers character will continue to have his classic troublemaker twist however he will also become more responsible and eke less unnecessary risks. His domineering personality is likely to present problems thou, living in such close quarters with the others for a long time. His relationship with If is set for a bumpy ride as Homer hasnt had much experience with romance, neither has If and she is quite delicate. Nevertheless Homer is the glue holding his team together, but as tensions grow he must be careful not to break it apart at the same time. Homers spirit will never dwindle even if he is pushed to his limits he will continue to follow his instincts and more importantly his heart.

Horror Remakes Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9250 words

Horror Remakes - Dissertation Example A horror film made during paranoid times might capitalize on these times by making their films focused around paranoia as well. A film made during a post 9/11 era might capitalize on the nation’s moods, and fears, by delivering a film about good and evil, such as The Omen. The films that will be discussed in this analysis, The Dawn of the Dead, The Omen and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre all have reasons, either ostensible or stated, for being made. Two of the films, Chainsaw and Dawn, have very little in common with their predecessors. The third, The Omen, is virtually a shot-for-shot remake of the original. This paper will examine these three films, and their remakes, emphasizing the differences between them. Then, this paper will attempt to ascribe motive for making these films, beyond the obvious, that these films will probably will make money. Finally, this paper will make a conclusion about the films, and the reasons for making them. Included in the analysis of the remakes verses the originals will be an analysis of the audience reactions for these films. Discussion Dawn of the Dead The Omen, which is the next film which will be analyzed, was pretty much a superfluous remake for a variety of reasons. The main reason that it is, however, is that it pretty much is a shot for shot remake of the original, and brought nothing new to the table. Not so Dawn of the Dead. The George Romero version and the Zack Snyder version are as different, as, well, night and day. The Zombies The first difference that will be explained will be in the zombies themselves, as they are really the â€Å"star† of the two shows. In the George Romero version, the zombies were the epitome of campy shlock (Romero, 1978). According to Webster’s dictionary, the definition of schlock is â€Å"cheap or inferior goods; trash,† and this would describe the George Romero zombies accurately. Unfortunately for the integrity of the film, there were many close-ups of the zombies, and they were laughably bad looking. There were no Academy Award nominations for makeup on this film. The zombies basically walked around with a greyish-green tint on their face, and this was the extent of the makeup job. Romero himself admitted that the make consisted of â€Å"grey makeup† which was basically pancake makeup. He talks about â€Å"slapping grey makeup on,† which means that Romero himself did not take the makeup issue very seriously (DVD Commentary, Dawn of the Dead). The blood that came on of the zombies as they were shot also looked incredibly fake, like the kind of fake blood one might buy at a Walgreen’s when one wants to dress up as Dracula. Moreover, the zombies themselves were not aggressive – they were too slow to really be too much of a threat to anybody, unless one is in a large crowd of them. Because the zombies were more comic than scary, and were, for the most part, non-threatening because of their extremely slow gait, the overall effect of the zombies is comic. The inescapable conclusion is that the Romero meant for this film to b e either a black comedy or satire, because fear was not an emotion that this viewer registered upon seeing the zombies. Contrast the zombies in Romero’s film to the zombies in Snyder’s remake. In Snyder’s remake, the zombies were literally menacing. Whereas in Romero’s film, the zombies walked around with a blank stare, in Snyder’s film, the zombies had facial expressions, and these expressions were of fury. These zombies were scary, because they looked like they meant business, and their business was to hunt people down and eat them. Moreover, these zombies were incredibly fast and strong. This was shown at the beginning of the film when Ana (Sarah Polley) drives her car to get away from her husband, who was a new zombie and was chasing her.

Media and its affect on Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media and its affect on Terrorism - Essay Example The Government uses the media in attempts to limit the harm terrorist inflict to society and in attempts to punish or arrest those responsible for terrorist acts. The Government wants coverage to press forward their agenda and not the terrorists’ agenda. It uses the media to present terrorists as criminals and prevent glamorizing them so as to promote the perspective that blowing up a building, kidnapping a well-known individual, or hijacking an airplane are criminal acts despite the terrorists reasons (Raphael, 1). According to Joseph (1), well-known terrorist groups are adapting strategies and tactically progressing out because of comprehensive, global counterterrorism operations overseas. They are becoming expert at making use of homegrown terrorists, regional operatives, and communication technologies to the fullest, within reach for a long-term terror campaign against the United States. Nowadays, terrorist groups are enlisting, instigating, and guiding international strategies not just through Internet operations but by the use of a well planned, constant blend of propaganda videos as well as call-to-action messages disseminated via social media platforms, for example Face book, blogs, Twitter and YouTube (Joseph, 2). The social media framework of the terrorists is aiming disenfranchised youth with complex, fictional information and forming grassroots terrorists inside the borders of United States. thus, foreign jihadists are amplifying their chances of attacking the United States using a mix, multimedia community participant tactic intended to persuade citizen extremists to violence, organize ideological movements, create opportunities to enlist within the United States from relating world incidents, and promote domestic terrorists to lay down their own objectives and take direct action in the company of open-ended and open-source jihad at home. The tactic of getting together

Bolman And Deals Four Framework Approach

Bolman And Deals Four Framework Approach Leadership was once about hard skills such as planning, finance and business analysis. When command and control ruled the corporate world, the leaders were heroic rationalists who moved people around like pawns and fought like stags. When they spoke, the company employees jumped. The entire career system in some organizations is based on using hard functional skills to progress. But when executives reach the top of the organization, many different skills are required. Corporate leaders may find that although they can do the financial analysis and the strategic planning, they are poor at communicating ideas to employees or colleagues, or have little insight into how to motivate people. The modern CEO requires an array of skills. Some suggest that people expect too much of leaders. Indeed, renaissance men and women are rare. Leadership in a modern organization is highly complex and it is increasingly difficult. It is sometimes impossible for finding all the necessary traits in a single person. Among the most crucial skills is the ability to capture audiences. Richard Branson, the funder of Virgin Group and Virgin Atlantic Airline could be one of best leader in the industry. Biography According to Virgin group website, Richard Branson was born in July 18, 1950 in Surrey, England. He is the son of a lawyer and an airline stewardess. He was educated at the exclusive Stowe School, but did not excel, possibly due to his nearsightedness and dyslexia. In his teens he developed a national magazine, Student at the Age of Sixteen. At seventeen he began a student advisory service. After leaving school, Branson entered the music industry. Considering that he could sell records cheaper than the existing average, he started a mail-order catalogue with friends. It was a success, and they opened a record discount shop. They named the business Virgin, because it was their first venture. Virgin Airlines is one of Bransons main businesses. Formed in 1984, it is part owned by Singapore Airlines, and it is the second largest British long haul international airline, and has won many awards. During the 1990s the fleet and the air route network expanded and a Premium Economy service was introduced. In 2003 Virgin Atlantic launched the innovative Upper Class Suite with a flat bed and seat, and in 2006 the Virgin Clubhouse opened at Heathrow with a spa, brasserie, cocktail bar, hair salon and games room. Branson is also well known for his personal adventures by Virgin Atlantic Flyer. In 2010, and less than 40 years after the original conception of the Branson Virgin businesses, Branson boasted over 200 Virgin Megastores worldwide. All told, Branson employed 24,000 employees in 150 companies, with revenues totaling an estimated five billion dollars each year from the entire Virgin Group including the music stores and airline. The Virgin empire was is the largest privately owned business in England (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). Bolman and Deals Four Framework Approach to Richard Branson Leadership models can also help us to understand a leaders organizational influence. Bolman and Deal, in Four Framework Approach, suggest that leaders display behaviors in one of four frameworks: Structural, Human Resource, Political, or Symbolic. Each requires a specific organizational setting to be successful. The Structural Framework From the rational perspective, organizations are instruments designed to achieve specified goals. Organizations are purposeful in the sense that the activities and interactions of participants are centrally coordinated to achieve common objectives; behaviors in organizations are rational in the sense that roles and role relations are prescribed independently of the personal attributes of the individuals in the structure (Richard, 1992). In the rational domain, organizations are driven by strategies, and the role of management is to align strategies and structure with the external environment. Strategy development includes two kinds of approaches mainly. The first one is prescriptive approach which is the firm defined the objective and/or the main elements before brainstorm the strategy; vice versa, another one is have no clear objective and/or elements, all the strategy will be developing during the process, which call emergent approach. Finally, what people and task performed base on above approaches that will generate the strategic change by formal or informal organizational structure from the managers, because of environment, business relationship, technology, people, life cycle, political power, etc (Tichy, 1983). The importance of strategic change is that may occur considerable disruption, but this practice is also useful to analysis the specific causes for planning the best direction on Bransons management change. Bransons Corporate Level Strategy Diversification: The core business of Virgin Group is travel, but since early 1990, it has begun to involve in many other different businesses, such businesses are no directly or substantial relationships between each other. Such businesses include mass media, entertainment, beverage, finance, weight industries and more, all these small business units (SBUs) enriched the Virgins portfolio. Brand Extension: Branson built its red brand to represent value for money, quality, fun, innovation, success and trust. This idea is developed and applied on its whole range of businesses. Joint-Venture: In the flight service, each airline have to get the permission for access paths by during with local governments, this process is very complicated and consume a lot of resources in terms of human, money and time. Joint-venture is the method that can be easy to get this permission, also could be easy to meet the economic of scale to reduce cost, and share or lower the risk. Bransons SBUs Level Strategy Differentiation: Branson provides the offer which other firms no. The very common example is, Virgin Atlantics souvenirs are always different and united. Another one example is Virgin Atlantic keeps its safety record is zero accident, to increase the confidence to its passengers, or customers though its air ticket is expensive then others in generally. The Human Resource Framework Although people are intentionally rational, not all human behavior is the result of rationality. People do not leave their emotions and feelings at home when they come to work in the morning, and noneconomic objectives are pursued alongside economic objectives (Powell, 1999). In the human domain, the central issue is how to integrate human needs with organizational rationality. Virgin Group considers peoples as the important assets, so it pays attention on peoples motivation, culture and even the individual desires to manage and maintain peoples work well and comfortable. Branson also thinks staff first, then customers and shareholders, therefore the chairperson, staff, customers and shareholders could be considered as the key stakeholders. Chairperson Shareholders: Branson is as a leader in Virgin which has used the corporate brand name across its entire product, the whole Virgin Group is influenced by him, and he is the greater single asset in the group (Ensor Drummond, 2001). Meanwhile, Branson is one of the shareholder of Virgin Group companies, so as same as other shareholder, his values will be added into the group and will be implemented in running the business. Bransons values are innocence, innovation, quality, fun and irreverence of authority, all of such values could be found in his choices of new ventures. Investor: The investors mainly focus on the profit and the return of investment (ROI). This issue makes the conflict between investor and customers, because customers want to have better services that will increase the cost and decrease the maximization level of the profit Staff: The skills, knowledge and suggestions of the staff are important to the company, Branson also understand this point so that he wants his best people will stay in his company for venturing (Grant, 2003). Example: Julie Bower, Virgin Atlantic Project Manager, response to source alternative customer relations management (CRM) software, then experienced partially customized system with Virgin Atlantics own data. Finally, Saratoga System has been chosen as the provider of CRM system (Thomson Corporation Company, 2005). This example shows the valuable staff will affect the strategic development. Customers: The best products or services are always seeking by customer, in order words, firms are required to provide best product or service for maintaining current customers and exploring new customers. Companies that survive profitably in a competitive environment must be providing value for money (Johnson et al, 2005). Therefore, customers also influence the strategies of the company. Our first time with Virgin Atlantic, and out last! Chaotic queue at LHR took three hours to reach check in desk. The cabin crews were arrogant and more interested in putting on more make up than serving passengers. Virgin relies on their reputation from the eighties, but they have lost it big time. Want to travel and enjoy the experience avoid Virgin at all costs (Skytrax, 2008). This example not only explains how customers influence the strategy development, also explains to provide the certain products to customer can reduce the probability of finical loss. The Political Framework From the political perspective, organizations are coalitions of diverse individuals and groups with enduring differences in values and preferences. They are governed not by a single center, as is assumed in the rational perspective, but by a dominant coalition of interest groups. As such, organizations often operate with unresolved conflicts in goals (March Shapiro, 1992). From the human domain perspective, malfunctions arise from structural misalignment or from personal deficiency; while from the political perspective, divergent interests and resource scarcity inevitably turn organizations political. Government: The core business of Virgin Group is transport service, and this business is highly regulated by the government. In the result, government policy is very import to the Branson and company as well, like policy on safety, route, franchise etc. These factors are about the change in government or government policy. The airline industry in UK has been privatized already, this action is initiated by UK Government. Branson got the opportunity to run the airline services from this political change to be a franchisee. Branson entered the markets or industries that have large, well established competitors, for instance, David is one of his favorite roles who against Goliaths, it is the example that the corporate against a big business. Now, the airline industry is run by two parts, Virgin Atlantic and British airways, provide flight and airline services respectively. Moreover, British Airways is the main competitor for Virgin Atlantic that leaded Virgin Atlantic always played the underdog role in competing with British Airways. Though Virgin Atlantic and British Airways had been role as underdog and bully respectively, in 1992, Virgin Atlantic had been success to claim one and half million dollars from British Airways (Aker, 2005 Grant, 2003). The Symbolic Framework Symbolism plays a critical role in human experience. In the rational domain, the point of life is choice. However, organizational life is only partly concerned with making decisions (March Shapiro 1992). Decision making is often an arena for symbolic actions. Many events and processes are more important for what is expressed than for what is produced (Bolman Deal, 2008). The leaders use symbols to capture attention; they try to frame experience by providing plausible interpretations of experiences; they discover and communicate a vision. Innovation: Branson understands the new matters could attack the new customers and maintain the current customers, but its competitors also understand this simple theory. Therefore Virgin Atlantic based on the existed offers with new concepts or packages as a new products or services to get the competitive advantage in the industry. These factors are about the application of new inventors or ideas. The technology in air applies to the development of safe airplane, or reliable engine. Virgin Atlantic is the pioneer in this area, Branson introduced the Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines to power its new Airbus fleet of 10 A330-300s has triggered a big switch from polution to green eco-friendly travel on the route. The Trent 700 is the first engine in the highly successful Trent family. The 72,000lb thrust engine has lower maintenance costs, lower weight and better performance retention. With the lowest lifecycle fuel burn, lowest cumulative emissions and lowest noise levels the Trent 700 has the lowest environmental impact of any engine on the A330 (TravelDailyNews, 2009). Branson reduces the time taken for long distance travel and efficiency in helping to customers. Except the improvement on speed, Branson also increased number of channels for passenger to buy tickets by web and machine. The software was designed to link customer details, flight information and limo service details together and provides Virgin Atlantic staff with accurate information and tools to efficiently and effectively manage the Upper Class Wing operation (Journalism UK, 2008). Virgin Atlantic has got the opportunity to operate the UK and World air service by the government policy. The inflection perhaps people will be willing to expand more on the travelling. The change of working place also affects the demand on all the modes of transport. The new channels have been developed through the web and new machine system. The market still has space to operate obviously, but the most important consideration of a transport services provider is safety. So the most strength of Branson and Virgin Atlantic has been improving its reputation especially in safety and on-time to get confidence of passengers. Comparison of Richard Bransons corporate strategy decision In the stage of setting up the strategies, Branson definitely understand the strategies of which are the ways in which strategy develops in organization. Bransons Virgin Atlantic Airline Strategic Development Command View and Culture View are highlighted by Virgin Atlantic The culture view is that it occurs as the outcome of the taken-for-granted assumptions and behaviors in organizations. (Johnson et al, 2005) Branson founded Virgin Atlantic in 1984; in fact, Virgin Atlantics success highly depends on the founders principles to provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travelers. This principle created and established the culture of Virgin Atlantic, because all Virgin companies also maintain an entrepreneurial culture based on Bransons principle. There are four strategic developments have been found out and will be further described in following: Strategy One: Differentiation Branson also has another philosophy in his principle which is to be a pioneer rather then a follower of the leader. In order to reach this point, Virgin Atlantic must offer highest quality innovative service for its air travelers. Its innovative actions include: 1986, the 1st airline provided sleeper seats in upper class 1990, the 1st airline brought in the automatic defibrillators, trained the staff to help in-flight cardiac arrest victims The 1st airline installed individual TVs to all classes of passenger on the wide-bodied aircraft 2005, won the RFID Breakthrough Integration Award since it is as a leader in RFID 2005 Virgin Atlantic applied RFID tag on the important parts that used in aircraft maintenance and repairs at Heathrow Airport warehouse, UK. The technological advancement is always the advantage taking for Virgin and the customers, said by Mark Butler, System Implementation Manager, Engineering Department, Virgin Atlantic (Tata Consultancy Services Limited, 2007). Strategy Two: Jointing Alliance Virgin Atlantic has jointed an alliance with many airlines until 2006 that providing better choice on where and when for its customers flights, the member of that alliance includes Singapore Airline, Bmi British Midland, Continental Airline, South African Airways, US Airways, Virgin Blue and Air China. All above airlines also signed Codeshare Agreement, so the connections between partners services become closer, customers could enjoy better service and value, such as checking customers and their luggage over to their final destination and synchronizing their schedules with Virgin Atlantics partners. Turn out the customers of Virgin Atlantic could enjoy the shortest possible connections between their services (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). The crises of 11th September, 2001 that affected the worldwide economy, Virgin Atlantic also got heavy losses in financial aspect. The alliance strategy was significantly assisted the recovery, because it reduced the investment and the accompanying inflexibility and risk during the uncertainties of operating in other countries (Aaker, 2005). Strategy Three: Partnership In 1999, Singapore Airline acquired 49% Virgin Atlantic stake that can reinforce to provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travellers. Singapore Airline is a unique global partner, this is a perfect collaboration since both two airlines have an incomparable reputation for quality and innovation, and have own numerous awards from the travel industry. According to the terms of the dealing, both two airlines routes will not overlap each other and are uniquely complementary, also they keep independent managements, and the rights to develop their own products. This partnership action generated greater benefits to both companies passengers, such as fare, access to lounges world-wide and an increasingly seamless travel experience across their airlines network (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). Japan Airline Strategic Development In terms of strategic management, the major contrast between Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline is, Japan Airline is the one managed by traditional state-run or government hierarchy, so its companies strategy was established by country leader and the board, as same as or followed by the strategy of government, often the goal or the result is extremely unrealistic to the commercial. The gap occurs in between the top management board and the tactical managers which more strengthen the difficulties in implementation and lessen the competitiveness in international airline market. Moreover, Virgin Atlantic emphasizes on command view and culture view; in this session, Japan Airline emphasizes on planning view to develop its strategies. In the planning view, strategic planning is to use a formal planning system for the development and implementation of the strategies related to mission and objectives of the organization. (Lynch, 2000) Japan Airlines Background Japan Airline is a joint-venture company which was founded by one governmental company and two private companies, Japan Airline Company, Philippine Airlines and Northwest Airlines in 1951. Japanese Government bought the share from Northwest Airlines that leaded to Japan Airline totally transfer to Japanese Government. Nowadays, all decisions are made by the Board of Directors and their strategic development is mainly focused on strategic planning (Fundinguniverse, 2010). Japan Airlines Planning Procedure One of the Japan Airlines department, Corporate Planning Information Technology Services is established in Japan Airline for responsible to suggest strategies for Japan Airline. After the seminar in 1987, this department suggested five corporate strategies for planning strategies and implementation, one of the strategies is about operational. The Board of Directors and the management group suggest that it (the operational strategy) is now a matter of urgency that Japan Airline must speed up the development of the airlines state enterprise plan in compliance with the policy and guidelines., Minister Shintaro Ishihara, Tokyo Conference, Nov 6, 1987. Then, Minister Ishihara grouped Japan Airlines problems for Japan Airlines management group to take actions (Sanchanta Takahashi,2010). Although this company is now privatized, but used to be country-owned and running by Government long time, the country leaders provide comments and policies on commercial-based company. This manner had been intervened the flexibility of Japan Airline. In 2006, Japan Airlines Chairperson, Haruka Nishimatsu established three committees, Strategic Steering Committee, Project Management Committee and Task Force Committee to increase competitiveness and the value of shareholder (Sanchanta Takahashi,2010). Today, Japan Airline failed to be effectively competing with other airlines because of such time-consuming and not really flexible to implement in Japan Airlines planning. Conclusion Leaders establish goals, assumptions, policies, strategies, and accepted norms of behavior. They usually recruit and promote managers who conform to their own values and expectations. While a leaders influence is evident in all organizations, it will apply more to small, highly centralized firms, or young, owner run businesses, and can increase with tenure. In the addition, the most relevant contrasts between Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline are: Virgin Atlantic emphasizes on culture and command view because of following the principle that provided by Branson that it is controlled by the company. Japan Airline emphasizes on planning view which is controlled by Government so almost every strategies development is produced follow the planning procedure to lead the company more systematic. In theory it should not only focus on single view, but these two companies are only focused one or two views, that led some limitations in Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline. For Virgin Atlantic, it is highly depends on the principles of Branson, he almost becomes the only one and unique person that can decide the future of Virgin Atlantic, includes stay in the market or shut down the business. Another side, for Japan Airline, it involves more procedures for making decision that could be enhances and smoothen the running for a company. As mentioned, there is only Branson is the key person for Virgin Atlantic or the whole Virgin Group, for the future, Virgin Group is suggested to established a number of rules or methods to maintain and investigate the current saturation of its businesses or the new ventures. After that, Branson is the most key person that affects all the things in Virgin Group, then is the staff, last is the customers. Last but not least, whether success to run a business depends on the policy, economy, society and technology in the place where located or plan to locate the business. In the result, the leader should aware all Structural, Human Resource, Political, and Symbolic framework in mind for coping the political, social, economic and technology factors positively. So, the finial suggestion is Richard Branson have to establish a committee to share and continue his great work.

Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Essay

Ai) Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. As part of our job role it is important to carry out reflective practice especially because we work with vulnerable adults and our effectiveness will have an impact on them and their care. Reflective practice means thinking about and evaluating what you do and discussing any changes which could be made. This means focusing on how we interact with colleagues, service users and the environment. It means thinking about how we could have done something differently, what we did well, what we could have done better. How we can improve what you have done. It also means reflecting our own values, beliefs and experiences which shape our thoughts and ideas. This will allow us to obtain a clearer picture of your own behaviour and a better understanding of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we can learn from our own mistakes and take appropriate future actions. Standards help social care workers so they work in the same level as other social care workers. It helps standardised the service they are giving. By having a standard, they can always reflect with it and achieve the same standardised level. You should know the standards to understand what is expected of you as a health and social care worker, and then you should reflect to ensure you are meeting these standards. These would be the CQC and your code of practice which are found in the managers office. All codes of practice should be adhered to at all times. see more:explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service Aii) You arrange a mentor meeting to feed back to the social care worker. You have comments to make which include both praise and constructive criticism. It is important for a social care worker to seek feedback on their performance so they can improve on ways of working that they may need to, helping them work in the best possible way. If you do not agree with feedback regarding your performance, talk to a senior member of staff for advice. People may react differently to constructive feedback. Some may not agree and see the feedback as negative, where it is meant to help them improve their practice. Others accept feedback positively and work to improve their practice listening to and taking in advice. Some people may take the feedback but not work to improve on anything so stay at the same level. It is important for social care workers to use their feedback to improve their practice, not just in their jobs but in life. Feedback provides a framework with which to be a reflective practitioner, this means recognising both the good and bad in their practice and using that knowledge to make it better in the future. Without that you remai n stagnant, there is always room for improvement.

Use of New Media in Political Campaigning

ng Introduction of New Media and It’s Effects on Political Campaigning Ammara Mahmood 997652455 POLD51H3 Abstract In the campaigning of all United States, Canada and Britain for the elections 2008/2010/2011, the role of new media was vital. It started off with Obama’s campaign in 2008 and is still carried on in elections after that. This paper looks at the use of new media by parties in the three countries and how their use of media differed in the dated elections. For this, the paper explores three key concepts of new media that have affected politics: 1- What was the party’s goal or strategy? – How did the party execute its goal or strategy? 3- In what way was each party’s strategy a success or failure? With the use of quantitative and qualitative data, the hypotheses shows that new media’s introduction in political marketing has impacted and evolved the campaigning strategies since 2008. It shows new media has been a major component of cam paign strategies for educating voters, informing citizens about electorates, party’s ideals and resolutions and how the use of mass media though still present has declined due to the arrival of new media.The findings suggest that new media has been a major source of campaign financing in US while in Canada, it has been a way of educating voters. Contrary, in Britain, it has more been used as a side tool where mass media is still a major component of campaigning. Introduction of New Media and It’s Effects on Political Campaigning Living in new digital reality means that citizens must accept the changes it will bring to their culture and society. While the mass media provided people with a platform to raise their voice and be heard, the new media has given people a chance to interact.The need of humans to constantly be conversed, heard, and feel valuable is what the new media provides. These qualities of new media has enabled it to move from the basic realm of our daily lives to other important aspects of our lives of which one is, the arena of politics. With the introduction of the new media and its varying forms, politics and the idea of interaction with leaders and parties has revolutionized. This paper argues that the use of new media has changed the notion of politics, with the leaders and parties now bounded to learn new ways to interact and stay connected if they are to leave a mark and succeed.This will be shown through the differing use of new media in relation to party’s goals and strategies, their execution and success or failure in United States of America (USA), Britain (UK) and Canada for the elections of 2008/2010/2011. New Strategies With the dramatic changes in telecommunication technology, the way people interact and the way politics functions have been transformed. There have been several new media strategies to engage voters and money in the three countries. Firstly, with the expansion of broadband technology, and the int roduction of smart phones, the world of politics has become more interactive.New media has provided people with a cheaper method to constantly interact with their leaders, parties and be informed about them without having to physically travel to attend debates or political rallies. Also, this has allowed for web-accessible information to the public where there is no more need for pamphlets, brochures or posters to be accessed and dropped off at people’s houses. People can now sit in the comfort of their homes and get all the information they need about their candidates, and parties.The paper, Reform in an Age of Networked campaigns mentions, â€Å"Broadband has acted as a force multiplier in the creation of a more distributed computing environment† (Corrado, Malbin, Mann & Ornstein, 2010). Secondly, the new media has allowed for different types of political organizations and networked communities where people can mobilize and act together around a certain issue or poli tical point of view through use of social media sites like Twitter and Facebook. The candidate campaigns are now more engaged with either the number of donations being tracked or the number of visitors to the sites being noted, digital communication makes t easier to identify and manage supporters. It also allows parties to expand their databases for use in subsequent elections. Thirdly, new media has allowed for innovation and an increase in donations for campaign financing. An example of this is the MyBO site for Barrack Obama which set a new standard to recruit and engage financial supporters. â€Å"Individuals who made a contribution were regularly solicited by email and often were asked to make an additional contribution that would be matched by another donor.Contributors could sign up for a â€Å"recurring gift† program that allowed them to make donations of as little as $25 on regular basis by charging the amount to a credit card. † This emphasis on small donors instead of a few large donors proved very successful for Obama’s campaign and this was only possible due to his wise use of new media techniques. New Media is a 21st Century catchall term used to define all that is related to the internet and the interplay between technology, images and sound (Socha & Eber-Schmid, 2012). The elections before 2008/2010/2011 were untouched by new media.It was with Facebook’s launch in 2004, YouTube in 2005 and Twitter in 2006 that ever since, new media became a vital component of politics. USA election 2008 The 2008 US Presidential election were the start of what was to come in politics. The use of new media and the significance it was about to have in the politics, started in the year 2008 with Obama and McCain campaigning against each other. These elections were the first one where political candidates possessed a huge media presence then any candidates ever in the political history.Both the candidates of the Republicans and the Democ rats, McCain and Obama had not only websites that kept people aware of their campaigns but they were also virtually present on almost all of the social networking platforms. New Media was used as a new, cheap, â€Å"grassroots† (a golden word for campaigns of any kind) way for candidates to shore up support, and McCain and Obama have jumped in with gusto; both candidates were on Facebook (McCain has 214,482 supporters listed, Obama 1,380,827), and both had MySpace pages (McCain has 64,644 friends, Obama 457,188); both were also on LinkedIn, Digg, Twitter, Flickr, and Eventful (McCracken, 2008).The individual websites for both the candidates were MyBarackObama. com and McCainSpace (see Appendix A for snapshots of websites). The registration process were similar for both sites with each asking you to explain the reasons of your choice and general info like name, date of birth etc and once you entered the site, you could perform activities like writing blog posts, sharing videos , status or tweets to engage and remain informed. Obama’s site attracted a lot more people due to its catchy and unique outlook then that of McCain.The site also had a financial aspect to it where people could make donations online allowing people to feel valuable and participatory even if the donation was a small amount. McCainSpace—like his entire website—had a clunky, blase feel to it. MyBarackObama. com, though scarcely more in others resting or entertaining than McCainSpace, did at least feel more comfortable in its own skin; the style and typography was cohesive, easy to navigate, and it seamlessly fit into Obama’s larger site (McCracken, 2008).The Republican as their general top down, hierarchical approach in elections seemed to be resistant in using the new media because they were reluctant to move of the traditional message conveying system giving the power of message into the hands of outsiders. Contrary, Democrats were more flexible in the appr oach handing control to people outside of formal party members and representatives. This allowed them to make use of new media tools by not obsessing with message control. For example, The first was the Obama Girl video titled â€Å"I Got a Crush†¦ On Obama. The three-minute video, made by independent filmmakers unassociated with the campaign, featured a seductive young woman singing about her â€Å"crush† on Senator Obama. The second, also unassociated with the campaign, was a video montage of Barrack Obama edited to appear as if the candidate were performing with musician Will. i. am. Titled â€Å"Yes We Can,† that video became a rallying cry for the Obama campaign. Those videos were watched 11. 6 and 13 million times respectively (Metzgar & Maruggi, 2009).Overall, Obama clearly due to his bold and innovative strategies was more successful in campaigning using the new media then McCain was which might have played a role in him being elected as President as well . Britain election 2010 Compared to USA, Britain has been more subtle in their use of the new media. The 2010 elections marked the first time that new media was introduced and used in Britain’s politics. From the televised debates to the online involvement through social media sites, the 2010 elections were a revolutionary change in the country’s politics. The most impact that new media had in the year’s elections were behind the scenes.The parties used it to mobilize and organize supporters and campaigners to increase their database and garner continuous support. Parties used email to connect with potential voters on a regular basis. The strategies used by parties varied though. For the Lib Democrats it seems to have been a largely internal and campaigner-focused affair but the Conservatives were much more prolific with regular (often more than daily) emails arriving in the inboxes of members and supporters from David Cameron, George Osborne, Eric Pickles and W illiam Hague(Williamson, 2010).Compared to these two, Labour party’s strategy was somewhere in between with them being public oriented having face to face contact then Liberal Democrats but not being as professional and subtle as the Conservatives. One Labour insider described a mass email from Lord Mandelson as ‘utterly boring’ and said they could not read beyond the first paragraph (Williamson, 2010). As successful as email service proved during elections, what was shocking was the failure of party’s websites to engage voters. While the main party websites did not gain much support, spoof websites for the Conservatives like mydavidcameron. com proved successful.This was set up by an individual as a response to the ‘airbrushed’ images of the Tory party leader appearing on billboards around the country. The website allowed anyone to download templates, create their own spoof Conservative election posters and then upload them (Williamson, 2010) . The Liberal Democrats launched their site labservative. com and the Labour party also created a website with web content including a viral of YouTube videos. The Conservatives went ahead of the two parties with anyone entering key words or phrases into Google being given a link to their website at the top of the page and usually a YouTube video to accompany it.The most important aspect of the 2010 elections was the introduction of American like Presidential debates that the Britain saw for the first time. The debates were a huge success with around 9. 4 million people (Bamieh, 2010) tuning in to watch the debate. The new media then acted as a side tool with people tweeting and posting statuses. Tweetminster reported 184,396 tweets relating to the first debate, averaging over 29 tweets per second (and peaking during the debate at more than 41 tweets per second) (Bamieh, 2010). Conservatives:Facebook: 108,000+ Fans Twitter: 36,000+ Followers Youtube: 2,970,000+ Views Liberal Democra ts: Facebook: 90,000+ Fans Twitter: 22,500+ Followers Youtube: 135,000+ Views Labour Party: Facebook: 59,000+ Fans Twitter: 19,000+ Followers Youtube: 1,684,000+ Views (Bamieh, 2010) The table (see Appendix B for data on blog posts) and the stats clearly suggest that the Conservative party took the lead on the social media front whether it was Twitter, emails, Facebook, blog posts or YouTube which played a role in their victory in elections. Canada election 2011Following on the steps of the 2008 elections in their neighbor country, Canadian parties and politicians made vital use of new media in the country’s elections in 2011. In Canada, the social media outlets have been utilized by parties to generate dialogues, channel electorate’s attention, educate voters, instigate online activity on portals, and connect with supporters. The Liberal party’s approach in the elections was to go all out and imaginative and make use of every possible social outlet to engage vo ters and mark their presence.The Liberals linked Ignatieff ’s Facebook page with discussion groups and also offered readers the chance to ask questions, which few seemed interested in doing (Taras & Waddell). In contrast, the Conservative Party, which greatly increased its use of digital media from 2008, used a funneling strategy focusing on channeling the electorate’s attention and online activity to the party’s online portal, Tory Nation also using its portal as its primary means of connecting with supporters (Natalie, 2008).The NDP used new media to educate its voters to increase its vote share while constantly emailing supporters. It also made use of Smartphone applications wisely by introducing an iPhone application named ‘Jack Layton’ which informed supporters about upcoming political events while also linking photos and videos of their leader’s tours regularly. Similarly, the Green Party also introduced an application and tried to educ ate its supporters about the party.Unlike the other more recognizable parties, the Green Party was faced with the task of establishing itself as a legitimate alternative party and political force in Canadian politics and so its extensive use of digital media usage stemmed from its need to build awareness and to communicate its message outside mass media (Natalie, 2008). While, all the parties made use of Twitter vastly, the usage of Facebook and YouTube was surprisingly limited in their strategy. Most of the candidates including Stephen Harper and Ignatieff jumped and made use of the tweeting bandwagon.Facebook didn’t attract nearly the same amount of media attention as Twitter, perhaps because parties and candidates used it mostly like any other one-way means of communication. Candidate and party Facebook sites were used primarily to distribute messages to voters but generated almost no debate and interaction with them about policies (Taras & Waddell). The party’s str ategies in the 2011 elections in use of new media were not as bold and widely used to that of USA.The parties used the new media as a side tool with all the parties doing a little but none of them doing enough to utilize the new media’s strengths fully. Conclusions In the three countries, the use of new media overall has allowed to facilitate a sense of community and a stronger connection between individuals and candidates. However, the extent and degree to which the parties in each country have utilized new media varies. While the USA has been the predominant leader due to its brave and innovative use of new media, Canada and Britain have been slowly accepting and dealing with this phenomenon.Also, in the three countries, new media strategies are being used as old strategies in new and advanced forms. Email, websites and social media all played important roles but they were not game changers, simply additional tools that could be successfully deployed alongside other, more t raditional methods (Williamson, 2010). Earlier, mass media played a similar role of interaction and engagement in politics. Now, new media allows for a greater extent of individual involvement and engagement through use of social media sites, online networking communities etc in the arena of politics.This can also be portrayed from the idea that other factors in politics such as charisma, race, and identification still matter and have in fact become more important after the innovations and enhancements to media. For example, in the election of 2008, it was not just the smart use of new media that allowed for Obama’s success. Rather, it was a combination of his charismatic personality, his appearance as the first to be black President and his use of new media that led to his commendable success that year. In conclusion, new media is vital to the changing world of politics today.It has transformed how we interact and stay informed about parties and their leaders. The new media has both its pros and cons and is widely used in America, Britain, and Canada. Thus, we all must accept the new media and incorporate it in our lives to better stay informed and connected. References Bamieh, M. (2010). British general election 2010 — learn social media by example. Retrieved from http://blog. thoughtpick. com/2010/05/british-general-election-2010-learn-social-media-by-example. html Campaign Finance Institute. 2010. Reform in an Age of Networked Campaigns. Pp. 1-16. http://www. finst. org/books_reports/Reform-in-an-Age-of-Networked-Campaigns. pdf McCracken, B. (2008). new media as election strategy: How Obama and McCain court the Net Generation. UCLA'S journal of cinema and media studies, Retrieved from http://www. tft. ucla. edu/mediascape/Fall08_Mccracken. html Metzgar, E. , ; Maruggi, A. (2009). Social media and the 2008 u. s. presidential election. Journal of New Communications Research, IV(1), Retrieved from http://fralincm. files. wordpress. com/2011/06/s ocialmedia_08election. pdf Roebuck, Natalie. Use of the Internet in the 2008 Canadian Election.M. A. paper. Blackboard. Socha , B. , ; Eber-Schmid, B. (2012). What is new media?. Retrieved from http://www. newmedia. org/what-is-new-media. html Taras, D. , ; Waddell, C. (n. d. ). The 2011 Federal Election and the Transformation of Canadian Media and Politics. Retrieved from http://www. aupress. ca/books/120205/ebook/04_Taras_Waddell_2012-How_Canadians_Communicate_IV. pdf Williamson, A. (2010). 2010: The internet election that wasn’t. Political Insight, Retrieved from http://www. politicalinsightmagazine. com/? p=397 Appendix A (McCracken, 2008) Appendix B (Bamieh, 2010)